{"id":"W4389123750","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4621982","title":"Generative AI and User-Generated Content: Evidence from Online Reviews","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Generative grammar; User-generated content; Content (measure theory); Computer science; Information retrieval; World Wide Web; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Social media; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001657573,0.0001592547,0.0002905231,0.0001632441,0.0002630814,0.000301546,0.0005208813,0.00004539176,0.00002351914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001287104,0.0001229537,0.0001141169,0.0007102263,0.00002569641,0.0006663252,0.0001503264,0.0007462705,0.00009093751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001595642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004349443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008650848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004603011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976677,0.00023887,0.0004072224,0.0003520903,0.0002669396,0.001067146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992331,0.00008469047,0.0002120712,0.0002502848,0.0001176985,0.0001021773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007557114,0.0002494963,0.04104902,0.0000217159,0.001751806,0.00009264526,0.004056236,0.0009304585,0.09873201,0.1499978,0.02674592,0.6762973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003878524,0.001429642,0.0252971,0.001217889,0.0003974844,0.0004117028,0.003069276,0.8074616,0.009467033,0.09381475,0.05148579,0.002069259],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4781952,0.06418452,0.4455409,0.01124321,0.0005158981,0.0001839542,0.000004316756,0.0001153192,0.00001675513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5916653,0.3797199,0.01550597,0.003173614,0.001688891,0.00001910764,0.00008011515,0.00004166695,0.008105512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8065311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5013906,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0850705682919215,"score_gpt":0.3204246612460193,"score_spread":0.2353540929540978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}