{"id":"W4389124706","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4629424","title":"Framing cognitive machines: A sociotechnical taxonomy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières","funders":"","keywords":"Sociotechnical system; Categorization; Taxonomy (biology); Framing (construction); Management science; Cybernetics; Computer science; Data science; Knowledge management; Cognition; Epistemology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Psychology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01073723,0.0001884096,0.0002581216,0.0003490962,0.001969925,0.0001867844,0.0004658507,0.0002150783,0.00009856964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002049699,0.0001826725,0.0001776181,0.001360037,0.000343802,0.0004069858,0.00008012068,0.002666665,0.0001549846],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002830122,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006954704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002138796,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01096201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99485,0.000634278,0.000500335,0.0003056068,0.0006940297,0.003015698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985524,0.0003779166,0.0002738654,0.0001524265,0.0005299289,0.0001134233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003303007,0.00007663974,0.019067,0.00002366717,0.0001604874,0.00001740996,0.009924434,0.00002528748,0.00003002376,0.9352332,0.0007553376,0.03465353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009638181,0.0002366436,0.004571447,0.00006868129,0.0000541932,0.00008715374,0.2079097,0.0003675997,0.000008013008,0.7419484,0.04326307,0.0005212634],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9210321,0.001006358,0.03971862,0.008790194,0.001195975,0.001716048,0.00000856886,0.0009197806,0.02561231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933951,0.0003424539,0.00004104545,0.0001195949,0.001538457,0.00007351078,0.00001181052,0.00003235267,0.004445655],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1979853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02479195766851384,"score_gpt":0.3339994261006872,"score_spread":0.3092074684321734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}