{"id":"W4389125091","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4627066","title":"Institutional Dual Ownership and Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Business; Equity (law); Dual (grammatical number); Voluntary disclosure; Turnover; Debt; Monetary economics; Accounting; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003525502,0.00009100055,0.0002715248,0.0006402081,0.0008072185,0.003762386,0.0005284071,0.001639352,0.006019483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02627524,0.0001833648,0.0002299443,0.0007517976,0.002697343,0.002313303,0.002429447,0.001944059,0.0002617278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001478775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001891459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003245163,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004166974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974412,0.0007244427,0.0001741018,0.0002358453,0.00043012,0.000994387],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9450848,0.02839314,0.01904255,0.002459934,0.001995478,0.003024096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001035615,0.0006996661,0.4255606,0.0001582987,0.000172588,0.001426578,0.002998145,0.003528843,0.001779235,0.5214917,0.004714786,0.03643382],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002496357,0.0003553347,0.3517257,0.0003118551,0.0003205531,0.001451269,0.01216651,0.01362013,0.005045675,0.5955561,0.01907333,0.0001238684],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957409,0.0009154475,0.002314165,0.00630798,0.00005665177,0.0000214351,0.0001916554,0.00001845094,0.03276528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990888,0.00005167355,0.00003771238,0.00006539317,0.00001206877,0.000002049275,0.0000135583,9.268856e-7,0.0007279172],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006019483,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02013713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01358850649574272,"score_gpt":0.2081332015747059,"score_spread":0.1945446950789632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}