{"id":"W4389129333","doi":"10.3758/s13428-023-02247-6","title":"Does strict invariance matter? Valid group mean comparisons with ordered-categorical items","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavior Research Methods","topic":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Polytomous Rasch model; Measurement invariance; Categorical variable; Mathematics; Statistics; Scalar (mathematics); Factor analysis; Item response theory; Confirmatory factor analysis; Psychometrics; Structural equation modeling; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.09698318,0.0003420221,0.0008706169,0.002673893,0.0009892049,0.001061102,0.002867051,0.0002256474,0.001290971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07725983,0.0001743325,0.0001872456,0.02128239,0.0006034938,0.000419888,0.001161127,0.001417437,0.001038403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001338697,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001922306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006422391,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006451687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9721537,0.01848313,0.001205803,0.00164626,0.0048384,0.001672733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8819157,0.114092,0.0003433819,0.002008624,0.001058348,0.0005819604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000170274,0.0003349662,0.582754,0.00002024489,0.0000332909,0.000290002,0.0004573885,0.00003603299,0.007571518,0.002353738,0.04639605,0.3595825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007965682,0.0005016102,0.9068286,0.00003312258,0.00003054459,0.00005783156,0.007405352,0.001446115,0.001770753,0.02315564,0.05744911,0.0005247918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3888793,0.0002535101,0.58921,0.003113114,0.001861197,0.001826422,0.00005756938,0.0006691259,0.01412979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.41374,0.0000583477,0.5797751,0.00007162117,0.0002590348,0.0005025362,0.00001605906,0.00006918427,0.005508106],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3590577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8548829296835958,"score_gpt":0.6812477469221532,"score_spread":0.1736351827614426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}