{"id":"W4389220708","doi":"10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.10.005","title":"Real-World Evidence for Causal Inference—Are We Ready?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","topic":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"North York General Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Myocardial infarction; Internal medicine; Hazard ratio; Cardiology; Heart failure; Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin II; Incidence (geometry); Renin–angiotensin system; Valsartan; Blood pressure; Confidence interval","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008635126,0.0006490801,0.002129795,0.000478407,0.0002440347,0.0001054865,0.0004037746,0.001133064,0.0002005423],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002514771,0.0005281698,0.0004485783,0.0005582625,0.0002252149,0.0001822972,0.000347452,0.002458689,0.0007788355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005766572,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003107567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002261934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006841897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960202,0.00001757881,0.001075068,0.001211859,0.0008090374,0.0008662698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946901,0.002563542,0.0007242616,0.0004493129,0.001409358,0.0001634822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002072885,0.00003481753,0.005456856,0.003688848,0.0006816038,0.0002451632,0.0002722796,9.581739e-9,0.00003614799,0.00004108582,0.988629,0.0007068751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009834359,0.0005052508,0.002601081,0.00688607,0.003649046,0.00003276538,0.0002273999,0.00001228531,0.00005264572,0.0008526469,0.9836426,0.0005547837],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002872822,0.003386829,0.000003889327,0.9819748,0.001780693,0.001701473,0.0001387214,0.000792021,0.009934312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001136911,0.01316141,0.0006336719,0.6786468,0.01746333,0.0007947311,0.000184693,0.00025958,0.2877188],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3033279,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3446092057841565,"score_gpt":0.4398427969266951,"score_spread":0.09523359114253865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}