{"id":"W4389369445","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v24i4.7379","title":"Development and Validation of the Sense of Online Community Scale","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Touro University California; Texas Tech University; University of Wyoming; George Mason University","keywords":"Likert scale; Scale (ratio); Sense of community; Psychology; Online community; Medical education; Computer science; Higher education; Institution; Applied psychology; Mathematics education; Social psychology; World Wide Web; Sociology; Developmental psychology; Medicine; Political science; Social science; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02243838,0.0003801339,0.0006139173,0.003095072,0.001243553,0.001483284,0.001138208,0.0005646944,0.00148514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04363205,0.0004477762,0.001063566,0.001168564,0.001208217,0.001787841,0.003716809,0.001366129,0.0003972017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001113043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003884316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001996519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003180539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9898572,0.004280095,0.001257222,0.0005153284,0.003685393,0.0004048957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9638329,0.01431159,0.003374374,0.002897986,0.01307053,0.002512645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004143366,0.002278003,0.7482297,0.0003801494,0.0001993881,0.0002426345,0.02480385,0.001159364,0.003250819,0.004505442,0.003117836,0.2114185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002269557,0.002178598,0.9259644,0.0004629104,0.0001079315,0.0004560468,0.03488604,0.009592349,0.00283981,0.003744896,0.01939253,0.0001474646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9803705,0.0001159768,0.008005324,0.0003114107,0.00008060739,0.003805923,0.0004352863,0.00005667653,0.006818153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9644684,0.0001648388,0.02772073,0.0001434411,0.00002959103,0.005519093,0.000780094,0.00003540293,0.001138498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02243838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.118667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1577116888191211,"score_gpt":0.4899378587646417,"score_spread":0.3322261699455206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}