{"id":"W4389376976","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v24i4.7219","title":"Educational Technology Undergraduates’ Performance in a Distance Learning Course Using Three Courseware Formats","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Distance education; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient; Mathematics education; Computer science; Significant difference; Reliability (semiconductor); Multimedia; Descriptive statistics; Learning styles; E learning; Psychology; Educational technology; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009953134,0.0002604026,0.0003304695,0.000474783,0.0004835648,0.0008119843,0.0001800572,0.0003080933,0.004354947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002164759,0.0001471485,0.0004169291,0.0003737379,0.0002450382,0.0004041069,0.0006655019,0.0005069202,0.001680941],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002736051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004007304,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001115539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001955009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993407,0.00009829496,0.00008598995,0.00008978694,0.0002175414,0.0001676548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984263,0.0003598333,0.0002456038,0.0001049984,0.0004308315,0.0004324076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009221077,0.01049512,0.8630502,0.0001641049,0.0001100851,0.0005074585,0.008721897,0.0006627093,0.02877715,0.0002717307,0.0009145348,0.08540294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002356064,0.005329716,0.9825861,0.00001599901,0.00003199001,0.0002041244,0.002836622,0.0005961405,0.006930166,0.00007916758,0.001345732,0.00002068813],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989544,0.00001574335,0.00005460032,0.00001277057,0.000003398759,0.00001127001,0.0000196489,0.000001924457,0.000926219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968828,0.00004170879,0.0002284151,0.00001746047,0.000003442938,0.00001703259,0.00008717723,0.000001120539,0.002720815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004354947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01456875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1009448070825753,"score_gpt":0.4864785268933053,"score_spread":0.38553371981073,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}