{"id":"W4389538220","doi":"10.3390/geomatics3040029","title":"Evaluating OSM Building Footprint Data Quality in Québec Province, Canada from 2018 to 2023: A Comparative Study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geomatics","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Footprint; Volunteered geographic information; Completeness (order theory); Quality (philosophy); Data quality; Computer science; Geography; Ecological footprint; Environmental science; Cartography; Operations management; Engineering; Mathematics; Sustainable development; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004421968,0.0001307812,0.0003494962,0.0001901472,0.0006036909,0.0001013017,0.0007004127,0.00003669768,0.00002231601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001330922,0.0001287443,0.0000196381,0.00142146,0.00006777657,0.0001718338,0.0006908322,0.0001191918,0.00008066979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000480285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001879193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9959552,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970108,0.0004485072,0.0007544307,0.0002822585,0.001102046,0.000401917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980168,0.0008540191,0.000260948,0.0005861085,0.0001817039,0.0001004091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001836645,0.0001336312,0.4779114,0.00008138275,0.0002187922,0.00001296198,0.4818357,0.00334752,0.00002891242,0.002215096,0.02940825,0.004788006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004731759,0.00005438906,0.4066093,0.00008144406,0.0000206462,1.039736e-7,0.5669293,0.00471084,0.000004327584,0.0005225916,0.02029086,0.000302946],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928839,0.0000285881,0.0001380872,0.001290313,0.0004207556,0.001365448,0.0001250098,0.00008182626,0.003666105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973759,0.000002157123,0.001813803,0.00009249381,0.00009521043,0.0000900846,0.00002589917,0.000005681541,0.0004987527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08509371,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5250039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3337078333990496,"score_gpt":0.4847742749970433,"score_spread":0.1510664415979937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}