{"id":"W4389579014","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105872","title":"Thorium speciation in ilmenite concentrates from the Mandena deposit, Madagascar: Implications for environmental remediation and thorium beneficiation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Rio Tinto (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ilmenite; Monazite; Beneficiation; Thorium; Chemistry; Mineralogy; Uranium; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Geology; Materials science; Metallurgy; Geochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Zircon","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008719389,0.0001416163,0.0001347464,0.0004900916,0.0005464882,0.0005049471,0.0002382519,0.0002790552,0.0008652523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002036299,0.00009870406,0.00009259897,0.0003251623,0.0002545461,0.0002005137,0.0002480541,0.0001569749,0.00008033744],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005104246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003385462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02674598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03189191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999949,0.000005328258,0.000004116684,0.00001470248,0.00001090823,0.00001586857],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999679,0.000008982765,0.000008125327,0.000001889329,0.000009145053,0.000003943435],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007887263,0.00007746139,0.143314,0.0002607256,0.00006944541,0.001526912,0.003024852,0.001395463,0.8252962,0.0006385728,0.0002421312,0.02336545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000356917,0.000371324,0.7885558,0.00005464609,0.0001110891,0.001144401,0.004483334,0.004182112,0.1942568,0.000322578,0.006454816,0.00002735951],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994111,0.00007841055,0.00003457787,0.00001529294,6.351999e-7,0.00000176722,0.00003853998,0.000001691163,0.0004179745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993957,0.00007910938,0.0001034753,0.000005711099,9.273216e-7,0.000002011802,0.00005350567,0.00000148363,0.0003579592],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02674598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05318058,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01147325034521007,"score_gpt":0.2284396482944466,"score_spread":0.2169663979492365,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}