{"id":"W4389607433","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17066","title":"Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College","funders":"Fundación Biodiversidad; Universität Zürich; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Austrian Science Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Academy of Finland; Biodiversa+; European Commission; Curtin University of Technology; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia; Villum Fonden","keywords":"Keystone species; Ecosystem; Groundwater; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001710973,0.0002007442,0.00024014,0.00002713215,0.0001191765,0.0000520976,0.000349569,0.0002088037,0.002379108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009375561,0.0001562215,0.00008933856,0.0004623146,0.00006702713,0.0001218376,0.00006196096,0.00006722996,0.008363763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002981382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002425122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007862047,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003058217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984956,0.00006843623,0.0002030997,0.0004314319,0.000129222,0.0006721578],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994814,0.00001577809,0.00005067286,0.0002518345,0.00003432181,0.0001659926],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002604546,0.000008373398,0.9717736,0.00003246714,0.00002442073,0.00004156214,0.00009595374,1.584158e-7,0.0000137662,0.0001044007,0.006013534,0.02186575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004183389,0.0002257116,0.8991967,0.00001420061,0.0000196621,0.0001743549,0.000197702,0.0003705739,0.00005120998,0.004877206,0.09409769,0.0003566292],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9794215,0.0005928699,0.00001723715,0.001043856,0.001298915,0.0001968859,0.001997625,0.0002502057,0.0151809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968175,0.00004943575,0.00005368474,0.000960751,0.0006553502,0.000009193862,0.001066114,0.000002446614,0.0003854947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08808415,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04196247484219458,"score_gpt":0.2626274438039052,"score_spread":0.2206649689617106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}