{"id":"W4389607433","doi":"10.1111/gcb.17066","title":"Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College","funders":"Fundación Biodiversidad; Universität Zürich; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Austrian Science Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Academy of Finland; Biodiversa+; European Commission; Curtin University of Technology; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia; Villum Fonden","keywords":"Keystone species; Ecosystem; Groundwater; Environmental science; Environmental resource management; Ecology; Geography; Geology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005939393,0.0002086416,0.0003592293,0.0006928843,0.001185923,0.003233002,0.0004351211,0.0008258775,0.006919044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001281121,0.00008575489,0.0002155806,0.001386486,0.002837202,0.005838469,0.003589757,0.0007006667,0.0004685357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001768042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002495061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005243327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01077697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996269,0.00009200907,0.0000154428,0.00007147526,0.00007353702,0.0001206539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995397,0.0001199216,0.0000711532,0.00007488419,0.0001060493,0.00008832698],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001040874,0.00002656861,0.04588918,0.0009030188,0.000112865,0.0008487863,0.006320919,0.001836875,0.01124999,0.6151938,0.02404679,0.2934672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005798508,0.00007722303,0.0324919,0.0007108894,0.00008567225,0.0006140043,0.01602365,0.001289456,0.002182434,0.3478593,0.5985973,0.00006237784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.528416,0.05563918,0.0605608,0.1736176,0.001318096,0.00009781597,0.002832315,0.0005795264,0.1769386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780135,0.01093011,0.003858811,0.003589768,0.0001194916,0.00001560394,0.000227051,0.0000255276,0.003220069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006919044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02314657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04196247484219458,"score_gpt":0.2626274438039052,"score_spread":0.2206649689617106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}