{"id":"W4389609370","doi":"10.1016/j.cnp.2023.11.004","title":"History of ALS and the competing theories on pathogenesis: IFCN handbook chapter","year":2023,"lang":"de","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Neurophysiology Practice","topic":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Neuroscience; Motor neuron; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Mechanism (biology); Motor system; Disease; Biology; Nervous system; Phenotype; Psychology; Medicine; Stimulation; Pathology; Spinal cord; Genetics; Philosophy; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003879681,0.0003274094,0.00115581,0.000108074,0.000192197,0.00001870508,0.0004083922,0.0003380344,0.0002383756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03129692,0.0002021041,0.0003176188,0.0002024253,0.005390626,0.0001355568,0.000692656,0.001622849,0.001944282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005703779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00022689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003502329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.50506e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908952,0.005904076,0.001282232,0.0008383102,0.0005029639,0.0005771962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9578626,0.03985415,0.0007745421,0.0009326934,0.0003358999,0.0002401417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.2437332,0.005766555,0.007918473,0.002217416,0.008950183,0.005682569,0.01211875,0.0003201017,0.3366276,0.1889971,0.03504964,0.1526184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01772371,0.01176026,0.4543034,0.001280813,0.003001183,0.00004870977,0.000869096,0.003851986,0.0001858795,0.00385967,0.5023504,0.0007648711],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9138744,0.02701818,0.00001510301,0.04451322,0.007284787,0.001640918,0.00003360452,0.0001686608,0.005451101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8850845,0.09467942,0.00008937058,0.01506566,0.001892977,0.00003849079,0.00001407212,0.00007931718,0.003056209],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4673008,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1048292477547423,"score_gpt":0.3887695038611844,"score_spread":0.2839402561064421,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}