{"id":"W4389683157","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2023.1281050","title":"Efficacy and safety of metformin for melasma treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","topic":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa","funders":"Chiang Mai University","keywords":"Melasma; Medicine; Metformin; Adverse effect; Meta-analysis; Randomized controlled trial; Placebo; Internal medicine; Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; Observational study; Dermatology; Alternative medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01407635,0.002548986,0.01911573,0.00710102,0.0006634229,0.003159138,0.002202433,0.002276788,0.004091735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02973141,0.001423177,0.03492371,0.006986727,0.0006999676,0.001807354,0.001397932,0.001897629,0.0002734913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00282142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003967083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005286149,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01165934,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9900528,0.004817344,0.002855417,0.0007691049,0.001230053,0.0002753253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9817684,0.01287972,0.003336241,0.0004201752,0.001318268,0.0002772146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0027223,0.00004681699,0.002303948,0.4698739,0.5083706,0.00009790374,0.00007557453,0.0003603849,0.0001679613,0.0001122655,0.0005399557,0.0153283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009459394,0.0003032335,0.00298508,0.0391967,0.9545218,0.0001039172,0.00004540912,0.0001870626,0.00009750816,0.000135348,0.00145259,0.0000253682],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":"meta_analysis","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002972113,0.9959503,0.0002260605,0.0001446438,0.0001055118,0.0002139149,0.0002225898,0.0000118688,0.000152969],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1024967,0.8933764,0.001565652,0.000653796,0.0002832996,0.0009305568,0.0004630472,0.00001851275,0.0002120459],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01911573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07444376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1699010100790707,"score_gpt":0.4676991228289478,"score_spread":0.2977981127498771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}