{"id":"W4389702746","doi":"10.1177/23727322231218906","title":"No Simple Solutions to Complex Problems: Cognitive Science Principles Can Guide but Not Prescribe Educational Decisions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Athabasca University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Cognition; Point (geometry); Simple (philosophy); Computer science; Focus (optics); Management science; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Epistemology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03141985,0.00144338,0.00157346,0.002338902,0.003729369,0.01038845,0.004060705,0.01043593,0.009794331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09054317,0.001120497,0.00123195,0.001016208,0.03690614,0.02238873,0.006582618,0.01810675,0.006049853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003341089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009262945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003912881,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006349159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9791903,0.009706597,0.001380083,0.003394111,0.005376004,0.0009527932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9385354,0.03936779,0.004818698,0.007384084,0.006684487,0.003209585],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009484348,0.0002336945,0.002657825,0.001096574,0.0002050122,0.0001860095,0.00384209,0.003827506,0.0007965374,0.8385514,0.05725037,0.09125813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005317686,0.00004445475,0.0004999648,0.000517982,0.00002420088,0.00009592725,0.0009313162,0.001140775,0.0004116493,0.939125,0.05708887,0.00006667565],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01413213,0.01065547,0.2735781,0.5930336,0.003010347,0.0003893537,0.0003898758,0.0007450201,0.1040661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4042298,0.01254778,0.4346292,0.1214189,0.001634091,0.001520077,0.0003313307,0.0007248248,0.02296385],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03141985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.166166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2509825004615371,"score_gpt":0.3909726335640382,"score_spread":0.1399901331025011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}