{"id":"W4389778710","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003590","title":"Validating Ionospheric Models Against Technologically Relevant Metrics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Space Weather","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; U.S. Air Force; Canadian Space Agency; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Heliophysics Division; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Ionosphere; Global Positioning System; International Reference Ionosphere; Computer science; Position (finance); Space weather; Geodesy; Meteorology; Geophysics; TEC; Geology; Physics; Total electron content; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001911842,0.0002272497,0.0002296934,0.00004849822,0.0001724401,0.00007236425,0.0002832717,0.0001048457,0.0006628622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001949593,0.0001961724,0.0001400603,0.001256076,0.00004752645,0.0001599191,0.0001680945,0.0002472528,0.0008252801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003622671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004487118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009620906,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004047158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986932,0.00002911032,0.0002257971,0.0003590835,0.0002139858,0.0004788116],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992646,0.00007399168,0.0001110898,0.0004024504,0.00006861224,0.00007924213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001601764,0.0002419425,0.01718878,0.00002753032,0.000200991,0.00002929024,0.0005814989,0.03951658,0.007681062,0.6670023,0.02047752,0.2470365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00158005,0.0002452597,0.001449591,0.00009368313,0.0001013668,0.000002052311,0.007061849,0.6234978,0.002876165,0.2637564,0.09767932,0.001656414],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5545469,0.0001345755,0.1306269,0.00121435,0.0003859846,0.0004562511,0.0000334003,0.001082823,0.3115188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9671934,0.00004141941,0.0106799,0.00009474687,0.0001894343,0.00005112024,0.00005379473,0.00006322889,0.02163293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5839813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01385893976482274,"score_gpt":0.2283077668094822,"score_spread":0.2144488270446595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}