{"id":"W4389791824","doi":"10.1177/00031224231214288","title":"Tokenism and Its Long-Term Consequences: Evidence from the Literary Field","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Sociological Review","topic":"Social and Cultural Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Harvard University","keywords":"Tokenism; Stringer; Sociology; Gender studies; Political science; Engineering; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01473531,0.0002019851,0.000706941,0.003729719,0.003893681,0.006189185,0.001584806,0.001438321,0.005206959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07363548,0.0002777337,0.0004512678,0.0046702,0.01275414,0.006730285,0.006021892,0.002229929,0.0006506295],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002758228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003438571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002887362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005368162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9922081,0.003521045,0.0006850225,0.0007418339,0.00206676,0.0007772344],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8326187,0.1027492,0.03880444,0.008710627,0.01060328,0.006513613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001047239,0.0009485661,0.4307387,0.003523595,0.0005238974,0.00300675,0.2733071,0.0004594685,0.0007661881,0.04998692,0.005715479,0.2299762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005385537,0.0006536613,0.7575916,0.003476629,0.0002053511,0.002930384,0.1588512,0.0002724018,0.0008928214,0.02531154,0.04965624,0.0001042631],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9041396,0.04987514,0.000585025,0.008008329,0.0002329451,0.00003852268,0.0001242958,0.0000129894,0.03698316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9887729,0.009380011,0.0001103298,0.0003640825,0.000172558,0.00002281531,0.00005020581,0.0000113268,0.001115731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01473531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07792872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1341321563459122,"score_gpt":0.4185387951776994,"score_spread":0.2844066388317872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}