{"id":"W4389955675","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012545","title":"Investing in school systems: conceptualising returns on investment across the health, education and social protection sectors","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ Global Health","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa","funders":"Direktoratet for Utviklingssamarbeid; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung; Novo Nordisk; South African Medical Research Council; International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Psychological intervention; Attendance; Human capital; Welfare; Economics; Public economics; Business; Economic growth; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002703226,0.0001101188,0.0001731721,0.00004496957,0.002462962,0.0001650294,0.0001268974,0.00008726356,0.00000344626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002863292,0.0000944984,0.0000256587,0.0008116046,0.0001674914,0.0001669307,0.0000213984,0.0001881864,0.00001649199],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002334873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004713374,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1498406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05920262,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973469,0.001092213,0.0003756719,0.000268568,0.0003900844,0.0005265371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992614,0.00004963969,0.0002894566,0.0001240872,0.00005947959,0.0002159136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006051047,0.0002950665,0.06278811,0.0007092694,0.00002224731,0.000001084762,0.5954915,0.00015689,0.000002066682,0.1644157,0.1011604,0.07489719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004082582,0.0001768091,0.4417719,0.0006033974,0.000002856376,0.000007035914,0.4479291,0.0001947745,0.000001035708,0.004831726,0.103843,0.0002301292],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8994387,0.001338617,0.000006448294,0.09186026,0.001923831,0.002130388,0.00004212957,0.0001489661,0.003110648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896939,0.0002730358,0.00001727578,0.008448144,0.001142539,0.0001458274,0.00002815533,0.000008440837,0.000242725],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3789838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05922068598478766,"score_gpt":0.4205976441079571,"score_spread":0.3613769581231695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}