{"id":"W4389993368","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4660606","title":"Energy Investment Tax Credits and Environmental Outcomes: Evidence from Electric Utilities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tax credit; Investment (military); Business; Energy tax; Economics; Energy (signal processing); Natural resource economics; Monetary economics; Public economics; Tax reform; Finance; Environmental economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001053985,0.0001931994,0.0002245345,0.001069792,0.0004480108,0.001308442,0.000379773,0.0005956196,0.005802092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008372951,0.0001385887,0.0002924766,0.003204991,0.0008610176,0.0008104144,0.0008147967,0.001037927,0.0004502188],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007886776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005798842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04895665,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07573611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995763,0.0001738543,0.00002696775,0.00004176791,0.00007404157,0.0001071742],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9840603,0.00743517,0.006032898,0.0005790367,0.0009456279,0.0009470101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006042575,0.0003385008,0.9885013,0.0000433955,0.000150058,0.0001522526,0.0003141015,0.0005166078,0.00005221643,0.0009554512,0.001270363,0.007101397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004593937,0.0001318142,0.9935756,0.00005182693,0.0002144916,0.0000841259,0.00207982,0.0002729461,0.000232885,0.0006243924,0.002675173,0.00001094345],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934297,0.0006615929,0.00004701794,0.0006567399,0.000007803555,0.000005310651,0.0007340208,0.000002432302,0.004455406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972447,0.0008007184,0.00001132401,0.00007403553,0.00001385017,0.00000190174,0.0007719948,0.000001613741,0.001079741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04895665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09734339,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0164704789889764,"score_gpt":0.2022324881965926,"score_spread":0.1857620092076162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}