{"id":"W4390018101","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611977806.ch13","title":"Chapter 13: Subgradient Calculus","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Calculus (dental); Subgradient method; Mathematics; Applied mathematics; Medicine; Mathematical optimization; Dentistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006020565,0.0008006789,0.0006038552,0.0008920344,0.0009212712,0.00254506,0.0008151309,0.0006526597,0.03920275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001275915,0.0004091802,0.0007137406,0.001237134,0.001536438,0.002655635,0.001026629,0.002845283,0.0140417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001674272,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001119818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001737556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001926161,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999558,0.00007714266,0.00001997619,0.00006977806,0.00024305,0.00003190967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997352,0.0001005227,0.00001157063,0.00003099055,0.0001025701,0.00001914593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009950822,0.000009384268,0.0000348277,0.0001518975,0.000008423475,0.0000258779,0.0001114954,0.0008518544,0.000653857,0.8625451,0.09109213,0.04450528],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004408913,0.000009291066,0.0001182664,0.0001406004,0.000008313777,0.0001176978,0.000038712,0.001365919,0.0006212789,0.5111331,0.4864313,0.00001113832],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002094578,0.0277936,0.1827406,0.004927277,0.004094373,0.00005740603,0.0005109604,0.0005640968,0.7772171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06341337,0.04338578,0.1110014,0.003595856,0.006875363,0.0001856526,0.0007222806,0.001624614,0.7691957],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03920275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1311463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.134782928998416,"score_gpt":0.3161253598981209,"score_spread":0.1813424308997049,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}