{"id":"W4390031474","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/q6n58","title":"The problem-ladenness of theory","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies","keywords":"Mathematical economics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005033746,0.0001222699,0.000132491,0.00005032234,0.000141262,0.00005663141,0.0005048551,0.0001750119,0.00004390758],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003549039,0.00007268365,0.00009726354,0.000109932,0.0001792901,0.00003036249,0.0006417559,0.0005317593,0.0002227993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001126895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005904946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001828136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001652278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988021,0.0001866313,0.0002308173,0.0003435575,0.0002453511,0.0001915477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985555,0.0008385392,0.0001422815,0.0003844871,0.0000506541,0.00002849103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002141008,0.00002024651,0.000004122403,0.00008817083,0.000005566981,0.000003973056,0.0001325803,0.00005535868,0.002637561,0.9857501,0.001004356,0.01027651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005472177,0.00001175697,0.00002118183,0.00006813872,0.00001124275,0.000002156864,0.0001308799,0.0001220722,0.05518063,0.9436246,0.0006815462,0.00009104161],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002361014,0.00006763972,0.001048394,0.002127451,0.001242919,0.0006095405,0.00004809665,0.0004173041,0.9920776],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794639,0.0005241707,0.0001488914,0.0002518981,0.0001023432,0.0001156382,0.000006028105,0.00002906274,0.01935808],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9771029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2963953,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0816017990838772,"score_gpt":0.3038218074891328,"score_spread":0.2222200084052556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}