{"id":"W4390244963","doi":"10.18280/ria.370611","title":"Short Text Classification Based on Hybrid Semantic Expansion and Bidirectional GRU (BiGRU) based Method to Improve Hate Speech Detection","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue d intelligence artificielle","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Voice activity detection; Speech recognition; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Speech processing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001306637,0.0002584859,0.0002266827,0.0006634236,0.0004306577,0.0002485952,0.0003806012,0.0001087185,0.00003079915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001913331,0.0002644158,0.0001131335,0.001718155,0.00004144608,0.000273096,0.00009226373,0.0002601121,0.0009546924],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001240428,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005774634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006142724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002430234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974757,0.0001954159,0.0004472382,0.001000911,0.0004232644,0.0004574062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984028,0.0003480804,0.00009658662,0.0007604501,0.000176144,0.0002159553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004076427,0.0000659717,0.00004559631,0.00003430111,0.000005595944,0.0000184005,0.00008594205,0.03418503,0.2161978,0.0001717269,0.0001559505,0.7489929],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003158635,0.0001960748,0.0005191104,0.00004906162,0.000005815941,0.00001503151,0.00004684864,0.533494,0.463961,0.0002766608,0.001238983,0.0001658341],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1059877,0.00001166035,0.8901872,0.001386276,0.0008599648,0.0004975732,0.000005440843,0.0005679095,0.0004962526],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976479,0.00001515533,0.02198562,0.0003224825,0.0001294554,0.0001224939,0.00001398613,0.00002943206,0.0009023997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8704913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03859458254636253,"score_gpt":0.2889214900949905,"score_spread":0.250326907548628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}