{"id":"W4390341279","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v14n2p109","title":"Zone of Proximal Development: Investigating the Most Usage Conjunctions and the Common Issues Written by EFL Students at Paragraph Levels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Qassim University","keywords":"Paragraph; Grammar; Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Sample (material); Linguistics; Computer science; Meaning (existential); Group (periodic table); Conjunction (astronomy); Psychology; Nominal group; Artificial intelligence; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006549675,0.0004715034,0.0008161589,0.002205205,0.004128579,0.004429614,0.001209139,0.001333858,0.002812113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01744627,0.0005529818,0.0003170025,0.001572786,0.005681388,0.004018625,0.00491737,0.001836956,0.0004225262],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002522433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002278504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001618743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002461308,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916876,0.005220839,0.0003962056,0.000668515,0.00127033,0.000756555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9876969,0.008458767,0.001500404,0.0002599689,0.00103088,0.001053034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003564596,0.00005247678,0.0113954,0.0002245181,0.000003953269,0.0009504642,0.9741325,0.00002666672,0.002059958,0.001050273,0.0001614507,0.009906638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003247475,0.00007088894,0.005836785,0.0001242174,0.000003933967,0.0004771429,0.9871473,0.00008501474,0.000612585,0.0003558184,0.005265076,0.00001792678],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937337,0.000318487,0.002103961,0.0005623015,0.0000122782,0.00006993629,0.00003500309,0.0000163497,0.003147843],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965345,0.0002539319,0.001411168,0.0001417641,0.000005958639,0.0000876476,0.00002524417,0.00001571174,0.001524123],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006549675,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0346384,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02640904589008712,"score_gpt":0.2771863012779804,"score_spread":0.2507772553878932,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}