{"id":"W4390470885","doi":"10.3390/ma17010226","title":"Possible Options for Utilization of EU Biomass Waste: Pyrolysis Char, Calorific Value and Ash Content","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Politechnika Warszawska","keywords":"Biochar; Biomass (ecology); Heat of combustion; Waste management; Environmental science; Combustion; Char; Raw material; Pyrolysis; Torrefaction; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Agronomy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005003239,0.0004092121,0.0003833981,0.0009068231,0.0002305188,0.0008601451,0.000333736,0.000473904,0.0009437558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003657453,0.0001484094,0.0003256447,0.001134036,0.0002175872,0.0006129727,0.000442451,0.0003126015,0.0003454298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002636158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002001829,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000289275,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001034458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997138,0.00005374623,0.0000242425,0.00004918865,0.00009172541,0.00006726511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998521,0.00004488397,0.00003654501,0.00001852032,0.00003319252,0.00001482067],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004681441,0.00009671244,0.005794914,0.0004266274,0.00003162947,0.0002591296,0.00005456411,0.001477761,0.9581874,0.0007248538,0.0000591875,0.03241918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000059565,0.000296696,0.009088691,0.00003902174,0.00003371451,0.0002458545,0.000174574,0.001188158,0.985846,0.0003732808,0.002696709,0.00001124647],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857715,0.003460682,0.007209757,0.00007097468,0.00001884761,0.00002113777,0.0002480187,0.00004751347,0.00315166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919776,0.001234259,0.005721969,0.00001774561,0.000003997805,0.000009971119,0.0002073746,0.00001866624,0.0008084016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009437558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003157139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05005667348579355,"score_gpt":0.2511228877893408,"score_spread":0.2010662143035473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}