{"id":"W4390519823","doi":"10.1163/22134514-bja10066","title":"Rule by Metrics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University; Harvard University; Brigham Young University; University of Toronto; Yale University","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Argument (complex analysis); Task (project management); Order (exchange); Intervention (counseling); Data science; Computer science; Management science; Political science; Law; Business; Psychology; Economics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006644061,0.00005291311,0.0001399944,0.00001500414,0.0004136178,0.00004040691,0.0001275695,0.000006944949,0.00001848425],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005000478,0.00004255218,0.00003813295,0.0002878542,0.0004308234,0.0001561878,0.00003331893,0.00009134482,0.00007221969],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000204369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003547282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001748136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001089522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999149,0.0002123145,0.0001643199,0.00005978562,0.0002953172,0.0001192257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994794,0.000116903,0.0001847411,0.00002602665,0.0001237992,0.00006915913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000187739,0.00001885458,0.001067326,0.000001199949,0.00003345549,0.0000431741,0.002760735,0.00000732171,0.00008405147,0.9073732,0.08731581,0.001276128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001980849,0.00005399983,0.02089472,0.00002403539,0.000007669866,0.000002452505,0.0008250083,0.000002224991,0.00006229198,0.006693587,0.9711733,0.00006262255],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2703571,0.005960217,0.0002416895,0.002831384,0.0003772915,0.0000407694,0.0000218255,0.00001933538,0.7201504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962165,0.002013911,0.00005636152,0.0003468903,0.0002471289,1.824663e-7,3.591377e-7,0.000002381388,0.001116252],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9006796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3181255,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05201412681779061,"score_gpt":0.3097679852978599,"score_spread":0.2577538584800693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}