{"id":"W4390789546","doi":"10.3390/en17020376","title":"From White to Black-Box Models: A Review of Simulation Tools for Building Energy Management and Their Application in Consulting Practices","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Energies","topic":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Building energy simulation; Black box; Efficient energy use; White box; Building science; Energy (signal processing); Transparency (behavior); Energy management; Architectural engineering; White paper; Computer science; Greenhouse gas; Energy modeling; Systems engineering; Engineering; Energy performance; Software engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003047339,0.00148138,0.001732468,0.003721808,0.0004248283,0.00230738,0.001753656,0.001509784,0.004967269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007377909,0.0007828787,0.001768935,0.005505709,0.0008976896,0.002500062,0.0009404093,0.001638344,0.001485161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001227739,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00298526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004846226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006341241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981807,0.0006081936,0.0002826729,0.0002026878,0.0006685706,0.00005708964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940494,0.004763073,0.0002979085,0.0001635494,0.0006681363,0.0000579972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000775462,0.0001310019,0.000672896,0.07458153,0.0003119651,0.0001366018,0.0004403574,0.01043172,0.001173056,0.04822562,0.02151066,0.8423071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002376493,0.0001641574,0.0008548388,0.03361653,0.0004982879,0.0003195881,0.0003013609,0.004153748,0.00130232,0.0140837,0.9445881,0.00009358651],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000569414,0.9871333,0.006707059,0.0005591135,0.0002702194,0.00005465689,0.0001405334,0.00005383189,0.004511923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004401373,0.9888471,0.005506863,0.0002356832,0.00010108,0.0000709189,0.000154338,0.00002673519,0.0006558028],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004967269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01661718,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05085713066911015,"score_gpt":0.3228818510118031,"score_spread":0.2720247203426929,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}