{"id":"W4390815511","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010007","title":"Collision Risk in Autonomous Vehicles: Classification, Challenges, and Open Research Areas","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vehicles","topic":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Collision; Reliability (semiconductor); Computer science; Hazard; Warning system; Open research; Field (mathematics); Collision avoidance; Stability (learning theory); Risk analysis (engineering); Computer security; Machine learning; Business; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001565025,0.0001644044,0.0002249661,0.0003958578,0.0001612322,0.000146806,0.0004791929,0.0003085014,0.00001346473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006900701,0.0001605506,0.00002672229,0.0004676112,0.0001967582,0.0003177835,0.0002468594,0.0008369655,0.000167154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001902872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007496106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001144052,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002867366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985501,0.0001403746,0.0003050796,0.0004433957,0.0001697938,0.000391227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991188,0.0003326693,0.00001871795,0.0004064156,0.00004231848,0.00008104531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003675317,0.00008513348,0.00351868,0.0002183825,0.00006291502,0.00008735678,0.002926373,0.000657146,0.002156649,0.08728062,0.00189302,0.901077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001082578,0.0001935307,0.4039502,0.0005402478,0.00002666098,0.0000496188,0.002537858,0.3108276,0.00378318,0.06283925,0.213501,0.0006683688],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.941807,0.03793434,0.00008830801,0.002313361,0.0001505576,0.0005271887,0.00002304496,0.0009890854,0.01616712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742336,0.02494724,0.0003690485,0.00001220856,0.00004982062,0.0001163781,0.000007194944,0.00004681099,0.0002176879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9004086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6547063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0725604630638158,"score_gpt":0.3159306220465564,"score_spread":0.2433701589827406,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}