{"id":"W4390843766","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123199","title":"A real-time anchor-free defect detector with global and local feature enhancement for surface defect detection","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems with Applications","topic":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Feature (linguistics); Detector; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Noise (video); Pattern recognition (psychology); Field (mathematics); Feature extraction; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005299859,0.0006641659,0.001046225,0.0008945249,0.0002099806,0.0005070707,0.001116163,0.00112592,0.002288887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005892282,0.0003868959,0.0004706391,0.0005988483,0.0002317512,0.0009173292,0.0007321446,0.0005821128,0.001191024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001857716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004380592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000569506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001277848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995465,0.00003964093,0.00001945441,0.00008862012,0.0002714055,0.00003443538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994655,0.0001268245,0.00004152496,0.00008493839,0.0002399066,0.00004113439],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005319927,0.0001760359,0.001016465,0.0001520464,0.00007073639,0.0001679649,0.00004166186,0.00383296,0.583239,0.0006953537,0.003286181,0.4067896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001186791,0.0008701817,0.00477821,0.00001674002,0.0001653571,0.001516895,0.00003339218,0.6251972,0.3561341,0.0006088346,0.01047049,0.00008990191],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03918581,0.0005023542,0.9561918,0.0001033119,0.000143286,0.0000812406,0.0001194723,0.002639302,0.001033353],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2893052,0.0003846655,0.7035087,0.000226304,0.00009375315,0.0001120568,0.0004151372,0.0001636333,0.005790583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002288887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007657051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007278602425634316,"score_gpt":0.2338773378491371,"score_spread":0.2265987354235027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}