{"id":"W4390852188","doi":"10.15173/esr.v27i1.5769","title":"Protector or Polluter? Environmental Impacts of Remittances","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Studies Review","topic":"Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Polluter pays principle; Natural resource economics; Economics; Environmental science; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005334248,0.0001894291,0.0001997223,0.0004683691,0.0002396905,0.0008471358,0.0002534344,0.0004491261,0.005494345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001027461,0.00005625224,0.0003741547,0.0009271089,0.001022487,0.001374492,0.0005687336,0.0005363682,0.0003690715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004065512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005415125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006325564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01059801,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996874,0.0001549313,0.00001236612,0.00003805154,0.00004986635,0.00005737152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994581,0.000182441,0.0001997865,0.00003353357,0.00008620575,0.0000398164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006039906,0.0002840087,0.2226311,0.009396505,0.001235713,0.003061094,0.01223252,0.005319349,0.00865035,0.1925969,0.03157799,0.5124106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002278479,0.0004629293,0.4189847,0.004968916,0.0006022509,0.001250412,0.02989784,0.0008239207,0.002901576,0.03178853,0.5082377,0.0000584218],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.60697,0.2315615,0.002371874,0.05164826,0.000823917,0.00003013629,0.0009796871,0.00003485717,0.1055798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9063174,0.08283264,0.0004170164,0.001888984,0.0003005353,0.000007627019,0.0001633346,0.00001279538,0.008059542],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006325564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01838046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1308564518352782,"score_gpt":0.3818488067942779,"score_spread":0.2509923549589996,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}