{"id":"W4390880347","doi":"10.3390/pr12010181","title":"Variability in Physical Properties of Logging and Sawmill Residues for Making Wood Pellets","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Forest Biomass Utilization and Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of British Columbia","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Sawdust; Pellets; Pellet; Raw material; Pulp and paper industry; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Environmental science; Bulk density; Briquette; Wood fuel; Softwood; Waste management; Moisture; Materials science; Biofuel; Composite material; Chemistry; Agronomy; Coal; Soil water; Engineering; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001024015,0.00005797045,0.00008131123,0.00006099922,0.00001139358,0.00002672842,0.00003636443,0.00001609503,0.000002432162],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007319381,0.00004767075,0.00001037104,0.0001232535,0.00002396891,0.00008394839,0.00002061602,0.0000247484,7.081035e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001215921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001147956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000211034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003566081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999674,0.000004769103,0.00009060001,0.0001015394,0.00004736698,0.000081712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998814,0.00003710116,0.000006592269,0.00004616884,0.00001991884,0.000008820419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002060394,0.0005652927,0.03290644,0.6848584,0.0003964923,0.00002111633,0.03878317,0.02372051,0.04998527,0.05854364,0.003312793,0.1067008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008482492,0.0001444138,0.004704515,0.004516569,0.0001108257,0.000004876631,0.001649088,0.611538,0.277586,0.03419765,0.06390607,0.0007938199],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9708589,0.00817812,0.01648705,0.0001763362,0.0001194223,0.0004172985,0.000006465425,0.0003300476,0.003426328],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994059,0.0001396604,0.0003430151,0.000007277707,0.00002200763,0.00003801883,0.000001245313,0.00001104402,0.00003187905],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6803419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1943957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01975558173068919,"score_gpt":0.2466359406801481,"score_spread":0.2268803589494589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}