{"id":"W4390949218","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159319","title":"Defining the nature of adventitious carbon and improving its merit as a charge correction reference for XPS","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Surface Science","topic":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":292,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western University","keywords":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Carbon fibers; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Binding energy; Chemistry; Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Spectral line; Mass spectrometry; Ion; Materials science; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Environmental chemistry; Physics; Atomic physics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001404373,0.0007351104,0.0003358174,0.001089457,0.000453451,0.001021339,0.0009641433,0.0008460758,0.001357406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002697163,0.0002210995,0.0002933611,0.0008829529,0.0004921699,0.0009964103,0.0003427704,0.0005151736,0.0003395621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003878002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004334432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002388411,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005396551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993801,0.00009773919,0.00003877746,0.0001520109,0.0002886985,0.00004277212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987446,0.0004679644,0.00009041613,0.0001640504,0.0005014855,0.00003153289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001760961,0.00003389678,0.00561565,0.0002250689,0.00001374611,0.0001889128,0.000136035,0.004561761,0.9502756,0.001508367,0.0001741526,0.03709075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005654729,0.0001562206,0.01142004,0.00003680735,0.00003742058,0.0004651219,0.0002037528,0.05708766,0.9243612,0.001049277,0.005151524,0.00002524208],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6738511,0.002462711,0.3159927,0.0002158132,0.0001174111,0.0001285056,0.0007133461,0.0008313652,0.005687039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8626072,0.0009506263,0.1339205,0.00005152695,0.00001456766,0.00004457088,0.0005386512,0.0001261927,0.001746045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002388411,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007427156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007091316851352136,"score_gpt":0.2730515238423096,"score_spread":0.2659602069909575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}