{"id":"W4390969193","doi":"10.1109/lra.2024.3355729","title":"Multi-Axis Force Sensing in Laparoscopic Surgery","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transducer; Deflection (physics); Calibration; Stiffness; Pressure sensor; Acoustics; Surgical instrument; Cannula; Torque; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Simulation; Structural engineering; Optics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000581459,0.0004578764,0.0003434619,0.0006480418,0.0002161259,0.0006206281,0.0007398602,0.001057556,0.001356667],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009926604,0.0003322921,0.0002776447,0.0005299278,0.0004515706,0.0008211706,0.0006544961,0.000493048,0.0004832507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003141647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000257282,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000511575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007154768,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991128,0.0001986624,0.00003446833,0.0001186691,0.0005042579,0.00003116809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994425,0.0002480913,0.00009131862,0.00008195856,0.000109881,0.00002632229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003623906,0.00009039715,0.003000381,0.0008946043,0.0000458312,0.0005017294,0.0003514596,0.04041002,0.4030514,0.02108059,0.00358649,0.5266247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005514656,0.001296972,0.008492148,0.0003718307,0.00006464636,0.004392786,0.0002318876,0.6693437,0.2107652,0.02038655,0.08429271,0.0003064775],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02958234,0.01480276,0.9458073,0.0006902236,0.0004783155,0.00006776405,0.00007842706,0.0006473004,0.007845534],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5644503,0.007083797,0.4229089,0.0004413213,0.0005010048,0.0000799601,0.00007346059,0.00007718209,0.004384157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001356667,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004538476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03714898517636959,"score_gpt":0.2962235190940434,"score_spread":0.2590745339176738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}