{"id":"W4390969193","doi":"10.1109/lra.2024.3355729","title":"Multi-Axis Force Sensing in Laparoscopic Surgery","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Transducer; Deflection (physics); Calibration; Stiffness; Pressure sensor; Acoustics; Surgical instrument; Cannula; Torque; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Simulation; Structural engineering; Optics; Electrical engineering; Physics; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001567636,0.00007553342,0.0001569933,0.000163044,0.00003171427,0.00005515802,0.000009806176,0.00004202736,0.00001407604],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003653678,0.00006724414,0.00004340372,0.0001893792,0.00002565259,0.00007731352,0.00000457152,0.00009986015,0.00001596637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003128978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001829459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009428764,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003976647,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994023,0.00002148015,0.0001976992,0.0001453515,0.0001054603,0.0001277228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996185,0.0002350539,0.0000205518,0.00006019176,0.00001196293,0.00005372311],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009788471,0.0002305007,0.1095702,0.00219068,0.0002891351,0.002036298,0.004520256,0.4124115,0.08989079,0.001576147,0.002728644,0.374458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007120584,0.000007743514,0.04487779,0.0004199751,0.00001918325,0.00002344262,0.0000326257,0.952633,0.0004095841,0.0000190767,0.0007518568,0.00009363072],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9689062,0.0001494182,0.0248958,0.005232542,0.0004479261,0.0001053334,8.683359e-7,0.0001611755,0.0001006971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945378,0.00001925243,0.003493345,0.001770877,0.000077339,9.874075e-7,0.00001078337,0.0000119083,0.00007775668],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5402216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2742136,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03714898517636959,"score_gpt":0.2962235190940434,"score_spread":0.2590745339176738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}