{"id":"W4390988414","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202347932","title":"The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge; Western University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; High Energy Physics; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; Office of Science; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; National Science and Technology Council; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Fundación Bancaria Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Junta de Andalucía; Universiteit van Amsterdam; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Netherlands eScience Center; European Southern Observatory; John Templeton Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Radboud Universiteit; University of Pretoria; National Research Foundation; University of Arizona; Smithsonian Institution; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Universiteit Leiden; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Center for Theoretical Sciences; Compute Canada; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; University of Chicago; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Supermassive black hole; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Intermediate-mass black hole; Black hole (networking); Shadow (psychology); Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005037247,0.0001663991,0.0001960053,0.00001712567,0.0002309746,0.00005870897,0.0002684715,0.00001862388,0.00002619296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002073237,0.0000990873,0.0003235048,0.0002141477,0.0004958456,0.0001518512,0.0001603126,0.0002057426,0.000009637611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001264539,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008240894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006184256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.124062e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990943,0.00003980857,0.0002676985,0.0002000664,0.0001622354,0.0002359117],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993324,0.0001168066,0.0001105461,0.0003134807,0.00007021359,0.00005649652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003719884,0.0002906828,0.01096973,0.0000815253,0.0008377198,4.042369e-7,0.00202926,0.02136004,0.01209174,0.5837604,0.0009722556,0.367569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005385404,0.003061339,0.168001,0.001908823,0.003339281,0.000001167999,0.07498984,0.09425685,0.1139272,0.08525798,0.4466384,0.003232677],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9551714,0.0001749697,0.04075541,0.0006493239,0.0002195636,0.0002667129,0.0001838679,0.00001541346,0.002563339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998067,0.000002553588,0.001146037,0.000007965073,0.0002775544,0.00001479112,0.00001545216,0.00001609912,0.0004526056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4985025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4040663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008679581234443678,"score_gpt":0.2041038811012398,"score_spread":0.1954242998667961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}