{"id":"W4390988414","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202347932","title":"The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge; Western University; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McGill University","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; High Energy Physics; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; Office of Science; Toray Science Foundation; East Asian Core Observatories Association; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; National Science and Technology Council; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Fundación Bancaria Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; National Science Foundation; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Junta de Andalucía; Universiteit van Amsterdam; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Netherlands eScience Center; European Southern Observatory; John Templeton Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Radboud Universiteit; University of Pretoria; National Research Foundation; University of Arizona; Smithsonian Institution; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Universiteit Leiden; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Center for Theoretical Sciences; Compute Canada; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; University of Chicago; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Physics; Supermassive black hole; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Intermediate-mass black hole; Black hole (networking); Shadow (psychology); Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002776699,0.0001750983,0.0002046432,0.0004009288,0.000324516,0.0004356453,0.0001807302,0.0001952676,0.0004993054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004136423,0.0001132249,0.0001814579,0.0002898918,0.0004111367,0.0002794048,0.0005967293,0.0003336536,0.0001549818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002748341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001882788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003351917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00606156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998809,0.000009801332,0.000003525576,0.00002665142,0.00003809624,0.00004086276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997534,0.0000225221,0.00008643755,0.00005032265,0.0000297028,0.00005765538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009401665,0.0001111933,0.7394976,0.0001285911,0.0001792031,0.00419559,0.00315327,0.001567309,0.1797965,0.002102733,0.004327472,0.06400045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008230859,0.00006511632,0.9881635,0.0000140635,0.00002299327,0.0005300882,0.0001749555,0.00080336,0.005914808,0.0001976618,0.004095322,0.000009849132],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966835,0.0002090937,0.0008122037,0.00005189854,0.00001734518,0.000004504199,0.00021758,0.00006476938,0.001939084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986179,0.0000640347,0.0006244728,0.00002582491,0.00001999516,0.000002112431,0.000359851,0.00001074866,0.0002749861],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003351917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006664813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008679581234443678,"score_gpt":0.2041038811012398,"score_spread":0.1954242998667961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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