{"id":"W4391025999","doi":"10.3390/biomedinformatics4010015","title":"Deep Machine Learning for Medical Diagnosis, Application to Lung Cancer Detection: A Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BioMedInformatics","topic":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Fondation de la recherche en santé du Nouveau-Brunswick","keywords":"Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Computer science; Interpretability; Convolutional neural network","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000503834,0.0005131286,0.001899484,0.0003399587,0.0001060971,0.00004999436,0.0002166974,0.0003713949,0.0002314143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003427749,0.0003340682,0.0006892161,0.0009120607,0.00003438898,0.00006799263,0.0001234464,0.0005284213,0.0002697393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001280521,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006673965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004297621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007738794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972655,0.00002756636,0.001248729,0.000364902,0.0007168719,0.0003764427],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983477,0.0002090948,0.0003674057,0.0004076951,0.0001484549,0.0005196601],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003546352,0.00004469198,0.000008537069,0.3013151,0.0004849229,0.000005082121,0.00005059382,3.723997e-7,5.927814e-9,0.00001367798,0.02695489,0.6711186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002832091,0.0001851162,8.018732e-7,0.1789524,0.00994313,0.00008486542,0.000004707479,0.003740418,0.000001111604,0.000002019649,0.8065498,0.0002523272],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[9.92851e-8,0.9836311,0.005617606,0.002857145,0.0008101024,0.006652336,0.0001153376,0.0001701867,0.0001460293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000002395623,0.9650899,0.0006160189,0.001436968,0.0008817862,0.03053438,0.001042588,0.00008858922,0.0003074415],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.779595,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02548659869598669,"score_gpt":0.3995955702876136,"score_spread":0.3741089715916269,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}