{"id":"W4391053153","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2024.130898","title":"Carbon capture technologies: A review on technology readiness level","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Optech (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Flue gas; Carbon fibers; Computer science; Process engineering; Biochemical engineering; Combustion; Maturity (psychological); Environmental science; Emerging technologies; Systems engineering; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry; Climate change","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001094811,0.001402046,0.002253072,0.003685993,0.0002191957,0.001530951,0.0009345502,0.00120786,0.00628095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001678866,0.000435902,0.001234129,0.004415632,0.0003554928,0.001779391,0.0008024444,0.00136752,0.001678092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009057852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002930041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002304735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005667744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999574,0.0000642002,0.00007592371,0.00008086247,0.0001628986,0.00004217192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991297,0.0004628163,0.0001527554,0.00001925078,0.0001978218,0.00003764177],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001390565,0.00007022113,0.0002995147,0.1102394,0.0004134882,0.0001198278,0.00004806481,0.0004889161,0.002515726,0.003198208,0.03074493,0.8517228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004641402,0.0001966192,0.001722108,0.02956215,0.001312242,0.0005166034,0.00008424363,0.0001687071,0.00104358,0.00169453,0.9635995,0.00005321978],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00009916232,0.9989262,0.00009506754,0.0001422593,0.0001182753,0.000008131607,0.00007033311,0.000005633228,0.0005349329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000506221,0.9987217,0.0001742654,0.0002059246,0.00006300515,0.00000801713,0.00005927988,0.000001574676,0.0002600506],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00628095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02101189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04581746451502266,"score_gpt":0.2970444610702584,"score_spread":0.2512269965552357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}