{"id":"W4391055617","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234072","title":"Impacts of bubble defects in proton exchange membranes on fuel cell performance and durability","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Power Sources","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Simon Fraser University","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Canada Research Chairs; National Research Council","keywords":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Durability; Ionomer; Materials science; Bubble; Composite material; Dispersion (optics); Nafion; Ultimate tensile strength; Membrane; Forensic engineering; Fuel cells; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Polymer; Mechanics; Engineering; Electrode","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003657334,0.00009977112,0.0002112732,0.0001560023,0.00001086315,0.00003606038,0.00006269356,0.00007726302,0.00007007625],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001232296,0.00006838006,0.00004886297,0.000101194,0.00002587423,0.0001457658,0.00001285815,0.0001801858,0.000004617392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002587291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001394204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000712063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002288559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993603,0.00002182933,0.0002943338,0.00006554763,0.0001291813,0.0001287559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997468,0.00005047065,0.00006202944,0.00006474095,0.00002307084,0.00005288782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009176811,0.0005920452,0.05420011,0.3817415,0.0003830665,0.0005374508,0.0471685,0.08666022,0.4242639,0.00001535227,0.001791704,0.001728412],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002177049,0.002311865,0.02840126,0.0050931,0.0001074237,0.0002496387,0.000726945,0.006328559,0.8941884,0.0004283552,0.05937739,0.0006100412],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9574375,0.03826644,9.117167e-7,0.00002628742,0.0004784554,0.000121008,0.00000237731,0.00001777591,0.003649272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876829,0.01218189,0.00002578531,0.000005453351,0.00005389832,0.000001948666,1.765305e-7,0.00001560429,0.00003236635],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4699244,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2788458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005320854237119002,"score_gpt":0.1974528643077201,"score_spread":0.1921320100706011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}