{"id":"W4391088705","doi":"10.1007/s41996-023-00134-y","title":"Disentangling Customer and Employer Discrimination Using State Variation in the Tipped Minimum Wage","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economics Race and Policy","topic":"Psychology of Social Influence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Minimum wage; Wage; Incentive; Compensation (psychology); Labour economics; Demographic economics; Business; Scale (ratio); Economics; Psychology; Accounting; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009597559,0.00004480354,0.0000903988,0.0001589745,0.0001411038,0.0001649066,0.00007431576,0.00004252978,0.00000423371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008304985,0.00003637866,0.00002457996,0.0001107043,0.0001169887,0.0005148181,0.0000112113,0.0001210698,0.000002062842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001019468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000127682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005689435,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007324403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994877,0.00009567757,0.0001988448,0.00006652927,0.00004001219,0.0001112354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996269,0.0001654862,0.0001158583,0.00003149444,0.00002136041,0.00003888826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000855949,0.00007818362,0.03529424,0.00004924925,0.0001070191,0.00004491166,0.8061085,0.0006792292,0.001170565,0.1212285,0.0008046689,0.03434934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002238322,0.0002484419,0.4756291,0.0006187948,0.000266204,0.0002129986,0.08178017,0.01187537,0.00009419772,0.3445036,0.08168779,0.0008450128],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984903,0.0003952982,0.00002581538,0.01310299,0.0002265143,0.00005423626,0.000003319735,0.000002675063,0.001286116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969992,0.001838268,0.000105953,0.0004668034,0.0004763264,5.132174e-7,1.597718e-7,0.000004320671,0.0001084803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7243283,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1590199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04916962248194606,"score_gpt":0.3860785514094856,"score_spread":0.3369089289275395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}