{"id":"W4391090692","doi":"10.3368/le.100.3.022822-0018r2","title":"Income Elasticity of Willingness to Pay for Better Air Quality: Effect of a Private Environmental Substitute","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Land Economics","topic":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Willingness to pay; Income elasticity of demand; Economics; Elasticity (physics); Quality (philosophy); Agricultural economics; Microeconomics; Natural resource economics; Environmental economics; Econometrics; Business; Public economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000211804,0.0001247147,0.0002815955,0.00005042057,0.00002591843,0.000008514678,0.00009009037,0.00006238784,0.00004702861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007734946,0.00009736586,0.0001156343,0.00002540239,0.00004946395,0.00008126492,0.00001607561,0.00004702054,0.00002130883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003810355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006458665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000279331,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003666583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992251,0.00002543731,0.0003720392,0.0001869985,0.00004180748,0.0001486351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994748,0.0002257678,0.00007861241,0.0001627365,0.000001812271,0.00005628733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003384236,0.00008052323,0.7123016,0.000910649,0.0003993026,0.000002395891,0.001022598,0.22563,0.007627357,0.0460163,0.00001567318,0.005655276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00142881,0.0003636264,0.7788387,0.00008776601,0.0001710881,0.000001632898,0.00002369386,0.003091416,0.1676123,0.003583114,0.04439285,0.0004050209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968878,0.0000403266,0.002122874,0.00009362276,0.0002176496,0.0001435999,0.0003034713,0.00002073097,0.0001699008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991527,0.00007677583,0.0002983214,0.00009030694,0.00008552431,0.00003889265,0.00009854182,0.00002352845,0.0001354317],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2225385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3970465,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008394572450050278,"score_gpt":0.2317240470666673,"score_spread":0.223329474616617,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}