{"id":"W4391109782","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.3c08309","title":"Nanoscale Insights into the Interaction Mechanism Underlying the Adsorption and Retention of Heavy Metal Ions by Humic Acid","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Southwest Petroleum University; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Adsorption; Humic acid; Nanoscopic scale; Heavy metals; Mechanism (biology); Metal ions in aqueous solution; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Metal; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001364635,0.00007166566,0.00005482862,0.0001635214,0.0002381064,0.0000438366,0.0001428124,0.00006207611,0.000038501],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008964956,0.00004634107,0.0000193819,0.0004193714,0.0005152982,0.0004324087,0.00004848815,0.0001753731,0.00002149683],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009943306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006993122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006647615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001688826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999467,0.00001204336,0.0001309515,0.000162921,0.0001277227,0.00009938003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998173,0.00001886194,0.00002579287,0.0001175585,0.000003304876,0.00001715155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001050506,0.000008438429,0.00001103169,0.000005841315,0.000005467934,2.011187e-7,0.0004943879,0.0001143605,0.9871587,0.005885561,0.00003758921,0.006277401],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004001373,0.00005288398,0.0001813709,0.00001476677,0.00001390038,0.00002714893,0.002679844,0.02161332,0.9563055,0.01025917,0.008743797,0.00006829733],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855131,0.002073061,0.01074041,0.000777981,0.0003248243,0.0001156249,0.000001393186,0.0001508486,0.0003027679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989661,0.0007763748,0.00007510006,0.00001934814,0.000005757733,0.00002510584,0.000003326292,0.000006283281,0.0001226322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03085319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1898638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01191777946461104,"score_gpt":0.2429055270133792,"score_spread":0.2309877475487682,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}