{"id":"W4391136166","doi":"10.3390/met14020134","title":"Impact of Injection Rate on Flow Mixing during the Refining Stage in an Electric Arc Furnace","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metals","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"EVRAZ (Canada)","funders":"Purdue University","keywords":"Electric arc furnace; Refining (metallurgy); Mixing (physics); Stage (stratigraphy); Arc (geometry); Metallurgy; Electric arc; Materials science; Volumetric flow rate; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Engineering; Chemistry; Electrode; Physics; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000458484,0.0001236637,0.0001750517,0.000171323,0.00002983067,0.00005665887,0.0001021636,0.00004372318,0.00007956753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003425169,0.00007860223,0.00009433091,0.0005280054,0.00000755681,0.0001758556,0.00001298304,0.0002543939,0.00001437992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001067533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001281988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003345558,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003327041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992957,0.00005900301,0.0002163045,0.0001357821,0.0001042037,0.0001889883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996889,0.00008878871,0.00002456965,0.0001527219,0.00001281932,0.00003218939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000185759,0.00001296959,0.00004878967,0.000145262,0.00006196565,0.00000982587,0.0001719734,0.8484222,0.1463161,0.0002814738,0.000001045265,0.004509776],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001091273,0.00008968505,0.006225803,0.00006463237,0.00001365308,0.000005354163,0.00001431674,0.9878485,0.005269942,0.0001889045,0.00007079426,0.00009929851],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932305,0.000973778,0.004101603,0.000007532208,0.0001131688,0.00005913308,0.000004529994,0.0001087448,0.001401037],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995354,0.00007866167,0.0000869228,0.000003754802,0.00005079567,0.000007386174,0.000002623472,0.00003134923,0.0002030623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1410462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3205306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01358341412695302,"score_gpt":0.2641523096382077,"score_spread":0.2505688955112547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}