{"id":"W4391306742","doi":"10.1109/smc53992.2023.10394194","title":"BGP Features and Classification of Internet Worms and Ransomware Attacks","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Decision tree; Feature selection; Scalability; Machine learning; The Internet; Intrusion detection system; Boosting (machine learning); Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Malware; Support vector machine; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001378063,0.00004716739,0.00006657249,0.00007729384,0.00003497436,0.00005432922,0.0001154601,0.00004489699,0.00001357107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001196136,0.0000368625,0.0000126827,0.0002696755,0.00003722183,0.0002121208,0.0001129542,0.00006114831,0.00001060976],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003891977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004479017,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002162654,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005036274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995645,0.0000206341,0.00009297254,0.0001612671,0.00008472484,0.00007587052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999735,0.00004484422,0.00003129777,0.0001317275,0.0000253297,0.00003180409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004527424,0.00004128834,0.007431504,0.000118944,0.00003077905,0.000004832584,0.005173274,0.00002861822,0.009960042,0.208822,0.0870031,0.6813403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007446726,0.0002912741,0.5964496,0.0001007917,0.000007961388,0.0000536139,0.0002951831,0.3484368,0.01602788,0.01599618,0.02129601,0.0003000051],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9071392,0.0003242795,0.08545364,0.002086334,0.0004758676,0.0001573522,0.000001288846,0.0003154854,0.004046516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971927,0.0001933255,0.0009225904,0.00007859139,0.00002366096,0.000003423979,0.000001721852,0.000002244005,0.001581769],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6810403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1503209,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02057065359329613,"score_gpt":0.2541774887903921,"score_spread":0.233606835197096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}