{"id":"W4391388944","doi":"10.1364/oe.513997","title":"Monolithically integrated 940 nm VCSELs on bulk Ge substrates","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Fabrication; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Wafer; Substrate (aquarium); Epitaxy; Optics; Layer (electronics); Laser; Gallium arsenide; Surface roughness; Nanotechnology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002031393,0.0003778923,0.0003743205,0.0002279744,0.0001714198,0.0005663918,0.0005897861,0.000377225,0.000835306],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001654583,0.0003478921,0.0002974405,0.0001827876,0.0002075799,0.0005982164,0.000548039,0.0002784907,0.0004258174],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004245107,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002580583,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001126603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002540474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997657,0.00001009292,0.00001031784,0.00008636017,0.00007194341,0.00005552929],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999129,0.00001387087,0.00001571967,0.00001631519,0.00002923748,0.00001199842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001620933,0.000007427854,0.0001654249,0.00001106152,0.000006871497,0.00005387734,0.00001050971,0.0003301562,0.9977773,0.0002052772,0.00004231798,0.00137354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001795272,0.0002056066,0.00239254,0.000004926891,0.00002511299,0.0001932278,0.00002201613,0.00691877,0.9878802,0.0001146448,0.002203329,0.0000218492],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843592,0.00065127,0.0116391,0.00003725172,0.00006969481,0.00002634906,0.0001744501,0.0002820837,0.002760489],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742199,0.0003546764,0.02113051,0.0000286861,0.00002512672,0.00002874316,0.0002239655,0.00005271624,0.003935783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001126603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00308001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01519852400594586,"score_gpt":0.2329011738590375,"score_spread":0.2177026498530916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}