{"id":"W4391508506","doi":"10.1007/s42330-023-00302-0","title":"Learning to Struggle: Supporting Middle-grade Teachers’ Understanding of Productive Struggle in STEM Teaching and Learning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Virginia Department of Education","keywords":"Science education; Professional development; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Discipline; Meaning (existential); Value (mathematics); Learning sciences; Professional learning community; Faculty development; Educational technology; Sociology; Psychology; Computer science; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001916462,0.0004818554,0.0002660308,0.0004181156,0.001448254,0.003239818,0.001372841,0.001065859,0.0072823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01455437,0.0002760863,0.0002545102,0.0001986163,0.0008326069,0.00192345,0.004138643,0.001881264,0.00164467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001018427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004351258,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006204458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0136485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999089,0.000319978,0.00003230788,0.0001689306,0.0001798209,0.0002100225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940872,0.002638494,0.0004241209,0.0003386599,0.0005754001,0.001936038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001944591,0.03530176,0.0642018,0.0008173728,0.00009731396,0.001164545,0.178385,0.001635725,0.02168603,0.006220053,0.03442887,0.6541169],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002189716,0.0100378,0.29278,0.002757776,0.0007036402,0.0009275609,0.3246273,0.02084915,0.03461143,0.03619854,0.2738145,0.0005025324],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701424,0.0001057167,0.004739786,0.002369827,0.00010417,0.0003093485,0.0001374617,0.000499718,0.02159165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810616,0.0001318768,0.01193497,0.0003824361,0.00001308258,0.0004474327,0.0002110849,0.00004229202,0.005775192],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0072823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02436167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08357611349736313,"score_gpt":0.359177412539871,"score_spread":0.2756012990425079,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}