{"id":"W4391521540","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/gsakt","title":"Pseudo Effects: How Method Biases Can Produce Spurious Findings About Close Relationships","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Cultural Differences and Values","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spurious relationship; Econometrics; Computer science; Statistics; Statistical physics; Mathematics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.4825571,0.002610283,0.00269628,0.005118268,0.003717964,0.005728842,0.003938758,0.003855885,0.00965898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.7337118,0.001751383,0.00378157,0.004141319,0.01463494,0.007606842,0.008983128,0.006747015,0.001795207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003062022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005970836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004206267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004577152,"domain_scores_codex":[0.4716932,0.3975799,0.03256785,0.03695367,0.05901793,0.002187234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1321577,0.7250771,0.03563063,0.08326846,0.02256069,0.001305448],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004103514,0.0007616574,0.1441196,0.012412,0.007929855,0.003655287,0.0552409,0.004637079,0.007357466,0.3165764,0.03304181,0.4101644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001691308,0.00190313,0.1127849,0.01020955,0.004024188,0.00393672,0.01027151,0.0246766,0.01371094,0.6838102,0.1321129,0.0008680339],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06781701,0.009014156,0.8493854,0.01571856,0.006226657,0.01162085,0.00161162,0.001641631,0.03696408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4556899,0.002290025,0.488961,0.01544436,0.002258104,0.02549669,0.001013181,0.001290614,0.007556163],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5174429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6380992,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1486925608886517,"score_gpt":0.4104013559560775,"score_spread":0.2617087950674257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}