{"id":"W4391534096","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v14n2p388","title":"The Effect of Direct and Indirect Written Corrective Feedback on Accuracy and Fluency of University Students' English Writing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fluency; Corrective feedback; Computer science; Mathematics education; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002799399,0.00007994386,0.0002112945,0.0001624556,0.0002002897,0.0001051601,0.000203712,0.00003458321,0.00002978852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006142196,0.00005702971,0.00006200348,0.0003940977,0.0002241645,0.0001721506,0.00004891765,0.0002589884,4.253427e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000788149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009493296,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006031461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00013597,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986348,0.0004907046,0.0002284977,0.0001038293,0.000402754,0.0001393784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952877,0.00411263,0.0001327345,0.00006474298,0.0003129307,0.00008931598],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003032686,0.0001141082,0.08050063,0.0002024776,0.0003383599,0.00008024414,0.7867168,0.000002314728,0.0001388366,0.008280438,0.002185234,0.1211373],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002298569,0.001106989,0.1285924,0.004230171,0.0004374639,0.000007095495,0.6919297,0.000005721714,0.007288832,0.000582213,0.1630123,0.0005085182],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662031,0.002674775,0.000001283984,0.0002084024,0.001008873,0.0001106774,0.000004569965,0.00001829354,0.02977001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983584,0.0005088986,0.000058385,0.00002468547,0.0003260412,4.733916e-7,4.061881e-7,0.000005877192,0.0007168306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1608271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7353226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006820301697686337,"score_gpt":0.2934086675919156,"score_spread":0.2865883658942293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}