{"id":"W4391544797","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103106","title":"Non-standard errors in the cryptocurrency world","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Financial Analysis","topic":"Benford’s Law and Fraud Detection","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","keywords":"Cryptocurrency; Computer science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008843628,0.0001048517,0.0003457727,0.0004276465,0.00002682589,0.00002967605,0.0003218706,0.00003232615,0.0005709013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006465681,0.00006895324,0.000392369,0.00306566,0.0000319916,0.0001095467,0.00002871201,0.000176662,0.00002655592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006778067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008441314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007848615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001011584,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986421,0.00004032084,0.0005588516,0.0001696169,0.0004880747,0.0001010315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993001,0.0001399481,0.0001302981,0.0001972046,0.0002155937,0.00001685288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003010812,0.0001443735,0.003138228,0.003766636,0.0006549246,0.00004135938,0.000420382,0.00001637148,0.00001700469,0.7554371,0.04389472,0.1924388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002852254,0.00009763488,0.02108353,0.01206489,0.002695336,0.000009975647,0.00003963489,0.004586266,0.0002009636,0.1611694,0.7973638,0.0004033139],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1786208,0.1961777,0.2339635,0.03513507,0.01042951,0.004507151,0.0009724898,0.0003868318,0.3398069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867823,0.009194343,0.001658569,0.0006716004,0.00031366,0.0001067683,0.00004599427,0.00001312891,0.001213613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8081616,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6250969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02709059837307037,"score_gpt":0.3514883862123474,"score_spread":0.324397787839277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}