{"id":"W4391559687","doi":"10.1109/tia.2024.3362924","title":"Impacts of Transformer Loading on the Harmonic Distortion Created by GIC Flows","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","topic":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Energie NB Power (Canada); University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Total harmonic distortion; Transformer; Power system harmonics; Harmonic analysis; Distortion (music); Geomagnetically induced current; Electrical engineering; Materials science; Voltage; Physics; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Magnetic field","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00050929,0.0006656271,0.0005139158,0.0005846226,0.000445989,0.0007762712,0.0005198219,0.0004315838,0.003087253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003536453,0.0002759721,0.0003133367,0.0006131224,0.0008427849,0.0007917703,0.0004732722,0.000523346,0.0006294147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008192073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002732935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001706722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001230528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990608,0.0001964521,0.00008604871,0.0001150919,0.000386622,0.0001550046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961042,0.002243059,0.000581982,0.0002621415,0.0006665543,0.0001421534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005304117,0.0003217596,0.02752474,0.0008381841,0.0001361538,0.00358342,0.001148811,0.08956965,0.7833021,0.001760611,0.001388509,0.08512197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001179849,0.00188905,0.02976248,0.00006226383,0.0002512319,0.001944369,0.000588957,0.04436499,0.9172131,0.0007701505,0.002974856,0.00006056016],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9789653,0.0003262616,0.01351054,0.00009098482,0.00005208674,0.00004710651,0.0001772851,0.0003751737,0.006455249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998588,0.0001036819,0.0007183102,0.00002605583,0.000007126536,0.000005085025,0.00008347461,0.00003425876,0.0004339933],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003087253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01032788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01407379968320765,"score_gpt":0.2361802960499806,"score_spread":0.222106496366773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}