{"id":"W4391650173","doi":"10.1111/desc.13481","title":"Exposure to sign language prior and after cochlear implantation increases language and cognitive skills in deaf children","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Science","topic":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","field":"Psychology","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sign language; Psychology; Spoken language; Audiology; Cognition; Short-term memory; Developmental psychology; Hearing loss; Sociolinguistics of sign languages; Sign (mathematics); Cochlear implant; Speech perception; Language development; American Sign Language; Manually coded language; Working memory; Cognitive psychology; Linguistics; Perception; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003549807,0.00007310682,0.00006301916,0.0001629275,0.00007819918,0.0001034455,0.00009355988,0.00002754773,0.00009792524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004530166,0.00006619337,0.000005792003,0.0003457456,0.0001084314,0.0001854359,0.0001252029,0.00007234536,0.00008911198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004416934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005464565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005136874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002465198,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993027,0.0000424586,0.0001032294,0.0002506013,0.0001208929,0.0001800936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997483,0.00008167808,0.00001149925,0.00006728194,0.00000990036,0.00008134857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005406113,0.0000808054,0.5231742,0.00001237732,0.00001211976,0.00006781537,0.109685,8.588495e-8,0.008251386,0.0001201213,0.00003641577,0.3585056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002088782,0.00005811214,0.9922093,0.0001068602,0.000004230167,0.00008818436,0.006032492,0.000003684839,0.001160003,0.00001025749,0.00001924785,0.0000987952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997945,0.0005588989,0.00002564324,0.00006742333,0.00003879134,0.0002535558,0.00001365711,0.00003756661,0.00105952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998641,0.00001136792,0.0007725367,0.0002739639,0.00001172289,0.00005007636,0.0000136187,0.000005848609,0.0002199109],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.469035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2699287,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006264244846876346,"score_gpt":0.3034780552095264,"score_spread":0.2972138103626501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}