{"id":"W4391753337","doi":"10.1007/s00348-023-03751-3","title":"How seams alter boundary layer separation points on baseballs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Boundary layer; Separation (statistics); Layer (electronics); Mechanics; Materials science; Boundary (topology); Composite material; Computer science; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000107574,0.0002009075,0.0001384716,0.00016787,0.00003788691,0.000295026,0.0001181504,0.00009109212,0.0002310367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005778726,0.0001938039,0.00006163741,0.0001670418,0.00001863351,0.0002643888,0.00003044091,0.0001831911,0.0003023792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000260247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002456384,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006165262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003163944,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990388,0.00002186801,0.0001733971,0.0002650771,0.0002284368,0.000272423],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996573,0.00002281841,0.000005124922,0.0002419519,0.000009741491,0.00006309192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009151334,0.0004199482,0.0005310407,0.0003376091,0.0003589047,0.0005468925,0.006404221,0.04312723,0.7436721,0.05335368,0.1334516,0.01770529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004108741,0.00008394531,0.0001707031,0.0001532089,0.000005715677,0.000004577253,0.00003113421,0.8280318,0.07539394,0.0004113931,0.09496501,0.0003376531],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9386757,0.007426369,0.004848605,0.0008562857,0.006316365,0.0005184687,0.00004681024,0.0008190712,0.04049234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954982,0.0000751456,0.000575348,0.0002338016,0.0002063386,0.00006768826,0.00005314761,0.00006153854,0.003228838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7849046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7903094,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01394858878377184,"score_gpt":0.2748955020156116,"score_spread":0.2609469132318398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}