{"id":"W4391994952","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04014","title":"Fates of a Nonwetting Slug in Tapered Microcapillaries under Gravity and Zero Gravity Conditions: Dynamics, Asymptotic Equilibrium Analysis, and Computational Fluid Dynamics Verifications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Slug; Capillary action; Mechanics; Tube (container); Slug flow; Capillary number; Work (physics); Dynamic equilibrium; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Zero gravity; Geology; Classical mechanics; Physics; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Two-phase flow; Flow (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003145967,0.0001360094,0.0002733193,0.0002449234,0.0001163866,0.0001580156,0.000102575,0.00007910502,0.00005542406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004801145,0.0001333502,0.00005351785,0.0005747061,0.0003308754,0.0001777436,0.000065304,0.0000942448,0.00001289682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009342388,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005050701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006237439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001005806,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988732,0.0001095113,0.0003322226,0.0003557537,0.0001575849,0.0001717101],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993749,0.000264175,0.00006314278,0.0001641473,0.00007987599,0.00005372383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003902831,0.0002160239,0.1531105,0.0004248751,0.0002306317,0.0000117605,0.002958772,0.01241192,0.7247738,0.1053756,0.0001192778,0.0003278618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002749441,0.00001819764,0.4236889,0.00004314991,0.0001522634,0.00001296321,0.0008721738,0.5543908,0.006476306,0.01381792,0.00001830922,0.0002340609],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855658,0.0005733789,0.01214646,0.0007850087,0.00007843401,0.0001467608,0.0005776474,0.00007124386,0.00005529944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976138,0.00002322667,0.0016016,0.00005650634,0.000008189882,0.00001227691,0.0006071996,0.00001148698,0.00006574365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7182975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5437865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01084511855756828,"score_gpt":0.2582312435302619,"score_spread":0.2473861249726936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}