{"id":"W4391996348","doi":"10.3390/jrfm17030091","title":"Impact of the Environmental, Social, and Governance Rating on the Cost of Capital: Evidence from the S&amp;P 500","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Social capital; Corporate governance; Capital (architecture); Business; Environmental regulation; Public economics; Economics; Finance; Political science; Geography; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003287994,0.000191364,0.0002888523,0.00189465,0.0002877715,0.001220913,0.0004562493,0.0004522874,0.00308857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02372723,0.00008917229,0.0005455426,0.001904354,0.0007769605,0.0009260587,0.0007639785,0.0005201143,0.0003295266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005238229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003354078,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008125309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01173864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967149,0.001137965,0.0002654793,0.0002998573,0.001364742,0.0002170897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.940307,0.02597353,0.02558191,0.002166502,0.003047494,0.002923478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001822993,0.000135135,0.9910344,0.00002471693,0.0002036195,0.00006045581,0.00006133282,0.0001889079,0.00005864308,0.0002230557,0.0003334066,0.007494011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004128372,0.00009194486,0.9991893,0.000009374476,0.00004032056,0.00001853712,0.00009204259,0.0001843221,0.00005054159,0.00005830142,0.0002574446,0.00000376097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932187,0.0004818064,0.00008235798,0.0002759246,0.00001096467,0.0000149952,0.0005331624,0.000003801003,0.005378226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999255,0.0001299274,0.0000342668,0.00002926255,0.00001015474,0.000003544342,0.00027876,0.000001468944,0.0002575995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008125309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01738882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02813785531864254,"score_gpt":0.2621002220514966,"score_spread":0.2339623667328541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}