{"id":"W4392086503","doi":"10.1111/iere.12688","title":"DO STRONGER PATENTS LEAD TO FASTER INNOVATION? THE EFFECT OF CLUSTERED SEARCH","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Cartel; Lead (geology); Benchmark (surveying); Productivity; Markov perfect equilibrium; Markov chain; Industrial organization; Economics; Business; Microeconomics; Computer science; Macroeconomics; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00303557,0.0002082751,0.0009704216,0.0008651336,0.0004734281,0.002091497,0.0007185685,0.001637527,0.01329266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02485465,0.0002312157,0.0007686715,0.0007956313,0.001389742,0.002066436,0.0008958196,0.0007360613,0.0005233557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001130776,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008769066,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003802339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002597288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990214,0.0004154379,0.00003453269,0.0001948467,0.0000916596,0.0002420207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9674344,0.02315225,0.006178578,0.00126675,0.0008200917,0.001148035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004910054,0.001382218,0.1003814,0.001312431,0.001643837,0.001522861,0.0008553512,0.4265637,0.01632751,0.318408,0.008864461,0.1178283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00166014,0.002243353,0.2112087,0.0002616698,0.001484554,0.0005047865,0.001702255,0.3913325,0.007496663,0.3758011,0.006063469,0.0002407346],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804897,0.001261065,0.005120696,0.001603812,0.00002754288,0.00003070731,0.0001357405,0.00006497707,0.01126572],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998637,0.0001623983,0.0003107458,0.0000907071,0.00001563032,0.000006525171,0.00001605663,0.000004334101,0.0007566423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01329266,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0444684,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1252842520222697,"score_gpt":0.3080860829954874,"score_spread":0.1828018309732177,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}